From a policy perspective, these developments entail some important cross-sectoral implications and may give rise to potentially overlapping and competing priorities and objectives. Climate change mitigation and adaptation requirements, in particular are emerging as a major game-changer. While the role of maritime transportation as an integral part of global logistics is reiterated, the need to address the environmental externalities generated by the sector is equally highlighted as an increasingly important consideration. Furthermore, the chapter draws attention to some unintended effects of maritime transportation, in particular, the related external environmental and societal costs.

Second, it examines relevant supply-side variables, including the global fleet carrying capacity, port services and other related maritime businesses. First, it considers the demand for maritime transport services as measured by economic growth, trade flows and seaborne trade. This chapter describes the fast-evolving environment in which both shipping and ports operate and identifies some key trends that are currently defining the maritime transportation landscape.

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